2024年劍橋雅念賞玩實(shí)題分化：Thomas Young（劍橋雅念賞玩長(zhǎng)難句理會(huì)110）不少好友對(duì)于這方面很閉心，院校通摒擋了有關(guān)文章，供大伙參考，一同來(lái)觀一下吧！
原文目次一覽：
- 1、2024年劍橋雅念賞玩實(shí)題分化：Thomas Young
- 2、劍橋雅念賞玩長(zhǎng)難句理會(huì)110
- 3、求劍橋雅念賞玩bakelite（the birth of modern plastics）的謎底
2024年劍橋雅念賞玩實(shí)題分化：Thomas Young
您美，爾是博注留學(xué)考試布置以及留學(xué)征詢的小鐘教員。在趕尋留學(xué)動(dòng)向的道上，選擇合宜的學(xué)校以及博業(yè)，籌備有關(guān)考試，皆能夠讓人感應(yīng)誘惑以及攪擾。作為又名有體認(rèn)的留學(xué)參謀，爾在此為您提供齊方位的博業(yè)征詢以及叨教。歡送隨時(shí)發(fā)問(wèn)！
對(duì)于于雅念考生來(lái)講，劍橋雅念賞玩題難沒(méi)有難？底下即以及小鐘教員一同來(lái)觀觀2024年劍橋雅念賞玩實(shí)題分化：Thomas Young。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2024 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young epl#ned the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone cont#ns tet in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he ecelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical tr#ning at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s #m is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear epositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale net to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Mawell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sust#ned her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the compleities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s etraordinary mind. Despite the lack of det#ls concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been cl#med to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章#
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——結(jié)尾一個(gè)游刃有余的人
篇章構(gòu)造
文體人物列傳
標(biāo)題托馬斯·楊——結(jié)尾一個(gè)游刃有余的人
構(gòu)造A段：托馬斯·楊對(duì)于百科齊書(shū)的首要成績(jī)
B段：托馬斯年青時(shí)的首要成績(jī)
C段：托馬斯晚年的首要成績(jī)
D段：托馬斯童年的糊口違景及生長(zhǎng)通過(guò)
E段：托馬斯作為當(dāng)然形而上學(xué)學(xué)者與患上的成績(jī)
F段： 托馬斯在#周圍的成績(jī)
G段：托馬斯的殷勤糊口
試題理會(huì)
Question 1-7
標(biāo)題楷模：True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)于應(yīng)點(diǎn)標(biāo)題分化
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2024 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”該句中亮確給出了Young還有#的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，他們的列傳中也共樣具有這樣的小題目，不同是Leonard Warren寫(xiě)的閉于Joseph Leidy的列傳，和 Paula Findlen＇s寫(xiě)的閉于Athanasius Kircher的列傳。
是以，原題謎底為T(mén)rue
2all， articlesB段第一、兩句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”亮確意味Young所干的遙沒(méi)有只是是編纂大英百科齊書(shū)的詞條，是以其實(shí)不是一齊的皆在百科齊書(shū)。而在原段第兩句中，作家指出，Young在20歲的時(shí)光將本人的第一篇論文自薦給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper取article為近意義。明顯，題做取本文含意相悖。
是以，原題謎底為False
3likeC段結(jié)尾一句C段集體是在先容Young晚年的首要成績(jī)，就Young長(zhǎng)大后的成績(jī)。此外，在C段結(jié)尾一句中，作家亮確指出Young以及#的孩童沒(méi)有共的一點(diǎn)在于，Young并無(wú)像#那些少小成名而厥后黔驢之技的孩童同樣，他厥后共樣與患了不凡的成績(jī)： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，明顯題做取本文含意相悖。
是以，原題謎底為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段先容了Young的生長(zhǎng)違景以及通過(guò)，共時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為普遍。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung裁奪學(xué)醫(yī)，而且在反面的先容中指出Young還加入戲劇上演，學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈以及吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作家指出Young如故又名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪一個(gè)方面的造詣更高，更有天才。Surpassing這個(gè)觀念并無(wú)在文中體現(xiàn)。
是以，原題謎底為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表達(dá)Young的不少看點(diǎn)閉注百姓以及邦家變亂。題做取本文含意不異。
是以，原題謎底為T(mén)rue
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，經(jīng)歷Young的醫(yī)學(xué)講演中亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母以及拉丁欠語(yǔ)和將一位年青女性寫(xiě)在冷亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能觀出他的詼諧。明顯，Young對(duì)于于這樣的外交文娛是感興趣的。題做以及本文相合乎。
是以，原題謎底為T(mén)rue
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life，”但是原段近說(shuō)述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成績(jī)；G段給出了Young的婚后糊口，和Robinson在書(shū)中并未說(shuō)起Young取父母間的閉系。但不管哪個(gè)點(diǎn)皆不說(shuō)起其晚年鼓授某種疾病之苦。
是以，原題謎底為Not Given
標(biāo)題楷模：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指列傳詞條，取題做中的life stories意味不異寓意。
是以，原題謎底為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表達(dá)，Young將本人的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。是以原段討論的是其第一篇論文。而原段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young首要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
是以，原題謎底為humaneye或許human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出，Young創(chuàng)建了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描寫(xiě)在歐洲大局部地域和北印度使用的談話。
是以，原題謎底為Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面先容了Young童年時(shí)代的糊口違景。原段第四句中則指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。明顯，恰是由于 Richard Brocklesby的啟發(fā)，Young才裁奪在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所修樹(shù)。
是以，原題謎底為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第兩句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，題做中的teaching position取E段第兩句中的professorship均意味“教誨地位”，該句亮確指出，Young作為當(dāng)然形而上學(xué)的傳授，授聘于英邦科學(xué)鉆研所。
是以，原題謎底為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段首要先容了Young作為當(dāng)然形而上學(xué)學(xué)者與患上的成績(jī)。而第五句則羅列了Young的二個(gè)成績(jī)，其對(duì)于于倫敦的所干出的成績(jī)?cè)谟诿簹庹樟恋囊M(jìn)。
是以，原題謎底為gas lighting
A爾們?cè)撛趺礃用靼淄旭R斯·楊（1773-1829）？他是《大沒(méi)有列顛百科齊書(shū)》中63篇文章的作家，其中囊括46篇列傳（大局部皆是閉于科學(xué)家以及古典學(xué)者），以及洪量閉于“橋” “色采論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)可能寫(xiě)出這樣多有權(quán)勢(shì)性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)專學(xué)者？ 一個(gè)天賦？如故一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣普遍的人呢？在一篇閉于他的比擬激入的列傳中，Andrew Robinson 以為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者可能配患上這樣的墓志銘“是結(jié)尾一個(gè)顯示任何事的人”。但是楊也要面臨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：由于這樣的列傳題目Robinson沒(méi)有僅給了他，也作為副題目給了相關(guān)另二位學(xué)者的列傳：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的平生》（1823-1891）和Paula Findlen 2024年著的閉于另外一位專學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的列傳。
B自然楊的奉獻(xiàn)遙沒(méi)有止寫(xiě)了不少百科齊書(shū)上的文章，他在20歲的時(shí)光將本人的第一篇論文自薦給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在他的21歲誕辰后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物，楊在該篇論文中注釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一閉于眼睛如何經(jīng)歷沒(méi)有共的距離聚焦在物體上。在反面的文章中，他更為齊面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，好像牛頓，他在本人身上入行了可駭?shù)恼骝?yàn)用以取得有關(guān)的憑據(jù)，他還患上出這樣的理論：光是經(jīng)歷“以太”份子的顫動(dòng)，以波的名義入行傳送的，而“以太”是一種著想物資，其永存還永存爭(zhēng)辨性。他還以為為了能觀睹顏料，必需要有3個(gè)感到器對(duì)于“三本色”入行感到，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)于其孕育感到的顏料即是紅，黃，藍(lán)兩種顏料。
C在別人生的晚些時(shí)光，也即是40多歲的時(shí)光，楊試圖破譯鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字稠碼，這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的戎行開(kāi)掘的，而且從1802年起即在英邦專物館入行鋪出。該石碑上蘊(yùn)含了 3種沒(méi)有共的字母：希臘語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有可辨識(shí)的文字和埃及的象形文字。這類沒(méi)有可辨識(shí)的文字此刻被以為是正如楊所料想的是很普通的，是以及象形文字直交有關(guān)的。他首先相關(guān)這方面的服務(wù)初次浮現(xiàn)在他在《大沒(méi)有列顛百科齊書(shū)》中編輯的詞條。在另外一個(gè)條款中，他創(chuàng)建了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描寫(xiě)在歐洲大局部地域和北印度使用的談話。這些皆是這是這位從小即鋪露科學(xué)天才而且沒(méi)有像不少孩童厥后黔驢之技的科學(xué)家取得的歷程碑式的成績(jī)。
D托馬斯·楊出身在英邦薩默塞特郡一個(gè)忠誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭，從小以及他的外公一同長(zhǎng)大，結(jié)尾往了投宿學(xué)校。他二歲的時(shí)光即專覽群書(shū)，而且自學(xué)諳練刻意了拉丁語(yǔ)，希臘語(yǔ)，數(shù)學(xué)和形而上學(xué)，在很大水準(zhǔn)上他授到了舅父Richard Brocklesby的飽勵(lì)，他的舅父也是英邦皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科大夫。在Brocklesby的啟發(fā)下，楊裁奪要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所修樹(shù)，他曾前后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)以及格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，多虧了Brocklesby的引見(jiàn)，楊入進(jìn)了英邦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，他結(jié)尾也挨破了從小在教友會(huì)的教訓(xùn)，他加入戲劇上演，學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈以及吹笛子，此外，他如故一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年罷了在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后，楊在倫敦啟了一家診所，很速他即成為皇家內(nèi)科大夫?qū)W會(huì)的一員，而且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨尾≡旱挠置麅?nèi)科大夫。
E楊作為內(nèi)科大夫的醫(yī)術(shù)卻追沒(méi)有上他作為當(dāng)然形而上學(xué)學(xué)者或許是談話學(xué)家與患上的成績(jī)，早在1801年，他曾經(jīng)被任命為英邦皇家學(xué)會(huì)的傳授，他每一年要在那里舉行60場(chǎng)的說(shuō)座。這些說(shuō)座在1807年以二原書(shū)的名義入行出書(shū)。1804年楊即曾經(jīng)成為英邦朵家學(xué)會(huì)的書(shū)記，而他獲此殊榮直至往世。他的不少看點(diǎn)閉注百姓以及邦家變亂，比方講在倫敦引入煤氣照亮以及造舟方法。從1819年起，他即是帆海天文年歷的首要擔(dān)負(fù)人，也是Board of Longitude的書(shū)記。從1824年到1829年，他累贅Palladian 保障公司的精算師以及內(nèi)科大夫。在1816年以及1825年間，他為《大沒(méi)有列顛百科齊書(shū)》編輯了好多詞條，并且貧其平生著述，論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F爾們經(jīng)歷楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母以及拉丁文欠語(yǔ)和他將一位年青的女士寫(xiě)在躲暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌也許觀出他的詼諧，但是他的個(gè)別糊口也由于本人對(duì)于服務(wù)以及鉆研的齊情投身而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年以及Eliza Mawell成家，據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的，由于他的夫人鑒賞他的服務(wù)”。爾們對(duì)于于他夫人的打聽(tīng)僅限于她在她外子備授少許閉于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)辨的時(shí)光老是脆定地支撐他，而且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)徒涯啟初緩緩升起的時(shí)光，她啟初有些擔(dān)憂錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。值患上一提的是，楊不被包庇的人，他皆是以及本人的導(dǎo)師入行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他差錯(cuò)的少許巨人（其中不少是很知名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫(xiě)的書(shū)）。但是閉于楊以及他母親和父親的閉系的記敘卻鮮力人知，Robinson在講到楊的不凡的腦筋時(shí)也并無(wú)將其回功于他的父母，或許許很難有這樣的可巧：從前的天賦皆是因?yàn)樽恐母改附逃?xùn)教導(dǎo)的。
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劍橋雅念賞玩長(zhǎng)難句理會(huì)110
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A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if an modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in eperiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra ，near Milan.
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理會(huì)：
齊句骨干為:“A breakthrough... could be brought for ward……;主語(yǔ)breakthrough被介詞欠語(yǔ)in the provision of……European Economic Community (EEC)建飾.而provision又被二個(gè)介詞欠語(yǔ)所建飾:一是在邏輯上取之組成直交賓語(yǔ)的of energy from the sun,另外一個(gè)是目的狀語(yǔ)for the European Economic Community。if啟發(fā)的從句為主句的狀語(yǔ):according to啟發(fā)的介詞欠語(yǔ)也作狀語(yǔ)，其中從前分詞欠語(yǔ)engaged in eperiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra，near Milan建飾scientists.作定語(yǔ)。
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劍橋雅念5第兩套賞玩
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